/**
 * Wait for {@link ms} milliseconds
 *
 * This function is a promisified `setTimeout`. It returns a promise that
 * resolves after {@link ms} milliseconds.
 */
export const wait = (ms: number) =>
    new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));

/**
 * Throttle invocations of an underlying function, coalescing pending calls.
 *
 * Take a function that returns a promise, and return a new function that can be
 * called an any number of times while still ensuring that the underlying
 * function is only called a maximum of once per the specified period.
 *
 * The underlying function is immediately called if there were no calls to the
 * throttled function in the last period.
 *
 * Otherwise we start waiting. Multiple calls to the throttled function while
 * we're waiting (either for the original promise to resolve, or after that, for
 * the specified cooldown period to elapse) will all be coalesced into a single
 * call to the underlying function when we're done waiting.
 *
 * ---
 *
 * [Note: Throttle and debounce]
 *
 * There are many throttle/debounce libraries, and ideally I'd have liked to
 * just use one of them instead of reinventing such a basic and finicky wheel.
 * Then why write a bespoke one?
 *
 * -   "debounce" means that the underlying function will only be called when a
 *     particular wait time has elapsed since the last call to the _debounced_
 *     function.
 *
 * -   This behaviour, while useful sometimes, is not what we want always. If
 *     the debounced function is continuously being called, then the underlying
 *     function might never get called (since the wait time does not elapse).
 *
 * -   To avoid this starvation, some debounce implementations like lodash
 *     provide a "maxWait" option, which tells the debounced function to always
 *     call the underlying function if maxWait has elapsed.
 *
 * -   The debounced functions can trigger the underlying in two ways: leading
 *     (aka immediate) and trailing which control if the underlying should be
 *     called at the leading or the trailing edge of the time period.
 *
 * -   "throttle" can be conceptually thought of as just maxWait + leading. In
 *     fact, this is how lodash actually implements it too. So we could've used
 *     lodash, except that is a big dependency to pull for a small function.
 *
 * -   Alternatively, pThrottle is a micro-library that provide such a
 *     "throttle" primitive. However, its implementation enqueues all incoming
 *     requests to the throttled function: it still calls the underlying once
 *     per period, but eventually underlying will get called once for each call
 *     to the throttled function.
 *
 * -   There are circumstances where that would be the appropriate behaviour,
 *     but that's not what we want. We wish to trigger an async action,
 *     coalescing multiple triggers into a single one, one per period.
 *
 * -   Perhaps there are other focused and standard library that'd have what we
 *     want, but instead of spending more time searching I just wrote it from
 *     scratch for now. Indeed, I've spent more time writing about the function
 *     than the function itself.
 */
export const throttled = (underlying: () => Promise<void>, period: number) => {
    let pending = 0;

    const f = () => {
        pending += 1;
        if (pending > 1) return;
        void underlying()
            .then(() => wait(period))
            .then(() => {
                const retrigger = pending > 1;
                pending = 0;
                if (retrigger) f();
            });
    };

    return f;
};

/**
 * Await the given {@link promise} for {@link timeoutMS} milliseconds. If it
 * does not resolve within {@link timeoutMS}, then reject with a timeout error.
 *
 * Note that this does not abort {@link promise} itself - it will still get
 * settled, just its eventual state will be ignored if it gets fullfilled or
 * rejected after we've already timed out.
 */
export const withTimeout = async <T>(promise: Promise<T>, ms: number) => {
    let timeoutId: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>;
    const rejectOnTimeout = new Promise<T>((_, reject) => {
        timeoutId = setTimeout(
            () => reject(new Error("Operation timed out")),
            ms,
        );
    });
    const promiseAndCancelTimeout = async () => {
        const result = await promise;
        clearTimeout(timeoutId);
        return result;
    };
    return Promise.race([promiseAndCancelTimeout(), rejectOnTimeout]);
};

/**
 * Retry a async operation like a HTTP request 3 (+ 1 original) times with
 * exponential backoff.
 *
 * @param op A function that performs the operation, returning the promise for
 * its completion.
 *
 * @param abortIfNeeded An optional function that is called with the
 * corresponding error whenever {@link op} rejects. It should throw the error if
 * the retries should immediately be aborted.
 *
 * @returns A promise that fulfills with to the result of a first successfully
 * fulfilled promise of the 4 (1 + 3) attempts, or rejects with the error
 * obtained either when {@link abortIfNeeded} throws, or with the error from the
 * last attempt otherwise.
 */
export const retryAsyncOperation = async <T>(
    op: () => Promise<T>,
    abortIfNeeded?: (error: unknown) => void,
): Promise<T> => {
    const waitTimeBeforeNextTry = [2000, 5000, 10000];

    while (true) {
        try {
            return await op();
        } catch (e) {
            if (abortIfNeeded) {
                abortIfNeeded(e);
            }
            const t = waitTimeBeforeNextTry.shift();
            if (!t) throw e;
            await wait(t);
        }
    }
};

/**
 * A promise queue to serialize execution of bunch of promises.
 *
 * Promises can be added to the queue with the {@link add} function, which
 * returns a new promise that'll settle when the original promise settles.
 *
 * The queue will ensure that promises run sequentially one after the other, in
 * the order which they are added.
 */
export class PromiseQueue<T> {
    private q: {
        task: () => Promise<T>;
        handlers: unknown;
    }[] = [];

    /**
     * Add a promise to the queue, and return a new promise that will resolve to
     * the provided promise when it gets a chance to run (after all previous
     * promises in the queue have settled).
     *
     * @param task To avoid starting the promise resolution when adding them,
     * instead of the promise itself, {@link add} takes a function that should
     * return the promise that we wish to await.
     */
    async add(task: () => Promise<T>): Promise<T> {
        let handlers;
        const p = new Promise<T>((...args) => (handlers = args));
        this.q.push({ task, handlers });
        if (this.q.length == 1) this.next();
        return p;
    }

    private next() {
        const item = this.q[0];
        if (!item) return;
        const { task, handlers } = item;
        void task()
            // @ts-expect-error Can't think of an easy way to satisfy tsc.
            .then(...handlers)
            .finally(() => {
                this.q.shift();
                this.next();
            });
    }
}